Scientists identify the genes that give cannabis its aromas

A Breakthrough or a Threat? As with any research, this discovery can be a double-edged sword. Scientists at the University of British Columbia (UBC) have sequenced the genome of cannabis plants in search of the genes responsible for the various citrus, skunk, or earthy aromas found in the many varieties of cannabis.

«The goal is to develop well-defined and highly reproducible cannabis varieties. This process is similar to that of the wine industry, which relies on defined varieties such as Chardonnay or Merlot to produce high-quality products,» explains Jörg Bohlmann, a professor at the Michael Smith Laboratory and a professor of agroforestry at UBC. «Our genomic research can show commercial breeders which genes to focus on to develop specific aromatic qualities.».

This research is part of an ongoing collaboration between a UBC student and professor, and Jonathan Page, who founded the biotechnology and cannabis testing company Anandia Labs.

They identified approximately 30 terpene synthase genes—the genes responsible for terpene production—which therefore contribute to the diversity of cannabis aromas. This number is similar to the number of such genes found in grapes used in the wine industry. The genes discovered by the researchers play a role in the terpene production such as limonene, myrcene, or pinene.

«Limonene has a lemony scent, while myrcene has a more earthy scent." »Characteristics of Purple Kush," says Judith Booth, a graduate student at UBC who is working with Anandia Labs as part of her studies.

They also identified the gene that produces the characteristic odor of cannabis, beta-caryophyllene, and that interacts with the cannabinoid receptors in the human body just like the other active ingredients in cannabis.

Bohlmann says that the economic potential of a regulated cannabis industry is enormous, but that the current challenge is that growers are working with crops that are not standardized and vary widely.

«There is a need for stable, high-quality products made from well-defined varieties,» he said.

The researchers also explain that it will be important to examine the extent to which terpenes interact with cannabinoids such as THC or CBD, both of which give cannabis its medicinal properties. Until now, studies have attributed these effects solely to cannabinoids, but it is possible that terpenes also influence the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis.