Hypertension and cannabis

High blood pressure can lead to serious health problems, such as heart attack or stroke. But because high blood pressure doesn't usually cause symptoms, many sufferers don't even know they have it. That's why it's so important to check your blood pressure regularly.

If you suffer from hypertension, you may have heard that cannabidiol (CBD) can help reduce blood pressure. Here's what the research says, plus tips for finding a few products to explore.

What is hypertension?

Blood pressure is defined as the pressure of blood against the walls of the arteries. While it's normal for blood pressure levels to rise and fall over the course of a day, persistently high blood pressure levels are a problem.

There are two types of hypertension:

• Primary hypertension is the most common. It develops gradually with no discernible cause, but can be linked to genetics, physical changes in the body or high weight.
• Secondary hypertension develops rapidly and can be more severe. It has many causes, including kidney disease, congenital heart defects, thyroid problems, alcohol consumption and certain drugs and stimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamines.

As hypertension is often a silent condition, you may not experience any symptoms until the condition has become more severe. At that point, symptoms may include:

• headaches
• nosebleeds
• shortness of breath
• dizziness
• chest pain
• hot flashes
• changes in vision
• blood in urine

If you experience these symptoms, it's important to consult a doctor immediately.

Can CBD help lower blood pressure?

There is some evidence that CBD products may help reduce blood pressure, but the research is somewhat contradictory.

A 2017 study involving nine male participants found that a single dose of CBD in healthy participants lowered blood pressure in both resting and stressed individuals.

Another 2017 study on mice revealed that CBD significantly reduced stress-induced increases in blood pressure and heart rate.

But one 2020 study on rats revealed that CBD was not effective in reducing blood pressure, although it did have an antioxidant effect. A other study of 2020 was more promising, with results demonstrating that CBD could reduce blood pressure in stressed patients.

Researchers acknowledge the beneficial effects of CBD for cardiovascular disorders, but note that further studies are needed to fully understand how it might contribute.

Is CBD safe for high blood pressure?

Both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recognize the potential benefits of CBD.

A 2017 WHO report describes CBD as generally well tolerated with a good safety profile and no effects that would indicate potential misuse or dependence.

The FDA notes that more research is needed and points out that there are many unanswered questions about the safety of CBD. In addition, it notes that some CBD products are inaccurately labeled and of questionable quality.

If you do decide to try CBD, be aware that some people experience side effects of CBD, including :

• diarrhea
• changes in weight or appetite
• fatigue

A 2012 research on cannabinoids and the’anxiety suggests that some cannabinoids may have a biphasic effect, meaning they produce different effects depending on the dose you take.

In the case of hypertension specifically, a 2011 study found that THC alone or in combination with CBD sometimes increased blood pressure, and sometimes reduced it.

Finally, it's crucial to bear in mind that the CBD may interact with certain medications, including those used for hypertension. If you're considering using CBD to help manage high blood pressure, talk to a doctor first.

Which type of CBD is best for blood pressure?

Although CBD comes in many forms, the best option for high blood pressure is probably a CBD oil rather than a topical or edible product. Oils tend to offer higher bioavailability, meaning a greater absorption rate for greater efficacy. Sublingual products also have a whole-body effect.

What are the alternative treatments for hypertension?

Don't rely solely on CBD to lower blood pressure. It's important to talk to a doctor and follow whatever he or she prescribes. This may include medication.

There are also home remedies that can help manage this condition. It's important to eat a nutritious diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins, manage your weight and exercise regularly. A low-sodium diet is also advisable.

Stress management is also essential. Meditation, massage, yoga and even deep breathing are methods to explore for stress reduction.

Finally, smoking can also have an effect on blood pressure. The chemicals in tobacco smoke damage body tissues and harden blood vessel walls. Alcohol can also increase blood pressure, so limiting consumption can help.